2017考研英语：词汇练习及解析（4）

1. Motorists _____ of speeding may be banned from driving for a year.

A. convicted B. arrested C. charged D. judged

[答案] A. convicted.

[注释]be convicted to 被判有...... (罪) ：He was convicted of murder. (他被法院判有谋杀罪。)

2. The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a _____ attitude.

A. changeable B. alternate C. movable D. flexible

[答案] D. flexible.

[注释] flexible 灵活的, 可变通的; We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.

3. Will all those _____ the proposal raise their hands?

A. in relation to B. in excess of

C. in contrast to D. in favor of

[答案] D. in favor of.

[注释] in favor of 赞成。in excess of 超过。in relation to 关系到。in contrast to 与......相对照。例如：

1) Everyone in the class voted in favor of the party. (=All of the children voted to have a party.)

2) We got $5000 in excess of the fixed sum. (我们盯定额多收入5000美元。)

3) This appears small in contrast to (with) that. (这个同那个对比起来显得小了。)

4) I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. (我对那件事有许多话要说。)

5) We must plan in (with) relation to the future. (我们定计划时要考虑到将来。)

本题译文：请所有赞成此项建议的人举手。

4. An early typewriter produced letters quickly and neatly; the typist, _____ couldn’t see his work on his machine.

A. however B. therefore C. yet D. although

[答案] A. however.

[注释] however 然而。

本题译文：早期的打字机打起字来又快又整齐, 然而打字员不能看着机器键盘打字。

5. We are interested in the weather because it _____ us so directly ------ what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.

A. benefits B. guides C. affects D. effects

[答案] C. affects.

[注释] affect (=have an influence or effect on) 影响：The climate affected his health. (气候影响[损害]了他的健康。)

[注意]affect vt. 影响。effect n. (=influent) 影响, 作用：Some films have amisleading effect on children. effect vt. (=bring about) 实行, 进行, 产生......后果:1) I will effect my purpose: no-one shall stop me! 2) We hope to effect an improvement. (我们希望能引起改进。)

注意两个常用的习语:1) to that effect 那个意思的 (话) ：She said she hated spinach, or words to that effect. (她说她不喜欢吃菠菜或那个意思的话。) 2) to the effect that... 意思时说, 表示下述意思：I said a few words the effect that all he had told us was already well known. (我说了几句话, 意思是说他告诉我们的一切都已众所周知。)

6. I can meet you at eight o’clock; _____ you can call for me.

A. incidentally B. actually

C. alternatively D. accordingly

[答案] C. alternatively

[注释]alternatively (=as an alternative) 作为一个替代办法：If however is used, but is not needed; or alternatively omit however. (如果使用however,就不需要but;或者作为一个替代办法省去however。)

[注意]alternately 和 alternatively的区别:alternately (交替地) ：At a Chinese dinner, the guests and the hosts sit alternately at a round table.

7. He has the _____ of an athlete: he really goes all out to win.

A. instants B. instances C. instincts D. intelligences

[答案] C. instincts.

[注释] instinct 天生的本领。instant n. 瞬间, 时刻; adj. 立即的, 直接的。如：instant coffee 速溶咖啡; instant food (s) 方便食品。例如：Spaceships are stocked with a variety of instant foods. (宇宙飞船上备有各种个样的方便食品。)

8. A university is an educational institution which _____ degrees and carries out research.

A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presents

[答案] B. awards.

[注释]awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他们授于约翰一等奖。)

对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) present 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)

本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.

9. The old lady can’t hope to _____ her cold in a few days.

A. get over B. get off C. hold back D. hold up

[答案] A. get over [注释] 参阅III,55注释。

10. Jim’s plans to go to college _____ at the last moment.

A. fell out B. gave away C. gave off D. fell through

[答案] D. fell through，未能实现 [注释] 参阅III,49注释。